GBS is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. It manifests as weakness, tingling, and numbness in the limbs, and in severe cases, can lead to paralysis.
Dr. Rahul Pandit, Chairman of Critical Care at HN Reliance Hospital, explained, “It typically starts with weakness in the lower limbs and progresses to the upper limbs. In some cases, it can affect nerves originating from the brain.”
The first outbreak of GBS in 2025 was reported on January 9 in Pune. Since then, hospitals have witnessed a surge in cases, leading authorities to investigate potential sources of contamination.
Health officials have ruled out a foodborne outbreak, as no common dietary link was found among patients. Instead, contaminated water is now believed to be the primary culprit. Over 7,000 water samples have been collected in Pune, with 138 testing positive for contaminants.
Last year, 64-year-old Delhi-based realtor Rohit Gurtu began experiencing an unusual tingling sensation in his limbs. Initially dismissing the discomfort, he sought medical attention only after the pain spread to his upper limbs and back.
“I went to see my doctor. He conducted a few tests, but everything was clear. Then I went to see a neurologist, and he told me I was suffering from Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS),” Gurtu shared.
Although GBS is non-communicable, doctors stress the importance of early detection. Symptoms such as limb weakness, double vision, and difficulty coughing should prompt immediate medical attention.
Dr. Pandit emphasised the importance of timely treatment, stating, “The treatment essentially depends on two aspects. One is stopping the autoimmune process that damages the nerves, and the other is providing supportive care for existing damage.”
Since the initial outbreak in Pune, GBS cases have surfaced in Delhi, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. The syndrome has claimed 25 lives so far, including 21 from Maharashtra and four from other states. Doctors warn that even a slight delay in seeking medical help can significantly worsen a patient’s condition.
In response to the crisis, the central government has stepped in to support Maharashtra’s Health Department. The Union Health Ministry has issued guidelines to affected municipal bodies, advising hospitals to monitor early warning signs and strengthen rehabilitation efforts for patients. Additionally, WHO teams are on the ground assisting local health authorities in managing the outbreak.
